Study 1. Department of Army Letter, "Civilian Professional Development," by Dennis J Reimer,

2. Article, "Civilians at War," by Katherine McIntire Peters.

3. Appendix A, FM 22-100, Army Leadership, DRAFT, 1998.

4. Chapter 2, TC 22-6 The Army Noncommissioned Officer Guide dated November 1990.

1. Student Handout # 1&2: Study Guide

Classroom, Classroom large enough to seat all the students

Instructional This training support package (TSP) is designed to provide an overview of the duties, Guidance responsibilities, and authority of Commissioned Officers, Warrant Officers, Noncommissioned Officers, and DA Civilians. It contains an administrative data section, paper masters for viewgraphs, a practical exercise (test) and a practical exercise answer sheet. Student handouts should be given to the student prior to class so as to allow the student time to read and review the material. Maximum student interaction, discussion and participation is encouraged. The student should walk out of the class with a firm understanding of the basic similarities and differences between officers, warrant officers, noncommissioned officers and civilians.

NOTE: Inform the students of the following terminal learning objective requirements.Terminal At the completion of this lesson you [the student] will:Learning

Objective

Evaluation Measure student performance at the end of the class by requiring them, without references or notes, to achieve a minimum score of 70% on the 20 question (multiple choice, T/F, and fill in the blanks) written test in appendix B. Students should be allowed 30 minutes to complete this examination.

Lead-in Noncommissioned Officers and DA Civilians. Together all of these personnel Motivator contribute to the overall success of the Armys missions. A prerequisite for this success is the relationship and interplay that take place between each member of Americas Army. As leaders, it is important for us to know and understand how the duties, responsibilities, and authority of each of these groups contribute to the successful accomplishment of the Armys mission.

SECTION III. PRESENTATION

A. ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE AInform the students of the enabling learning objective requirements.

1. Learning Step/Activity 1 -

Method of instruction: CO

Instructor to student ratio: 1:25

Time of instruction: 10 min.

Media: VGT and Student Handout

a. In general, a duty is the legal or moral obligation to perform a requirement arising from the position an individual holds. Duty means accomplishing all assigned tasks to the fullest of your ability. Duty requires a willingness to accept full responsibility for your actions and your subordinates performance. Duty also requires leaders to take the initiative, anticipate requirements, and do what should be done without being told to do it.

b. Although many duties for commissioned and noncommissioned officers and DA civilians are often the same and can be shared, the tasks associated with accomplishing ones duty are not the same and cannot be shared. Sharing duties means that commissioned and noncommissioned officers and DA civilians all work towards the same goal or objective. Since tasks are those things that a leader must do to perform a duty, the differences in duties are primarily associated with the tasks that are necessary to accomplish the duty. In general, officers primarily focus their attention on collective tasks and noncommissioned officers primarily focus their attention on individual tasks. For example, both the platoon leader and the platoon sergeant share the duty of training soldiers, but each will perform different tasks when executing these duties. The platoon leader tasks may involve ensuring the resources (time, material, location) are available for training, and the platoon sergeant may focus his attention on developing the lesson plan and conducting the training.

Instructor Show VGT 1183-2, SPECIFIED, DIRECTED, AND IMPLIED DUTIES.Note:

(1) Specified Duties: Specified duties are those duties specifically charged to you in official publications. These duties are position related and are spelled out in publications such as Soldiers Manuals, MTP manuals, and Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) job descriptions. A major portion of our job consists of specified duties.

(2) Directed Duties: Directed duties are those duties assigned by a superior to a subordinate. Directed duties can be either verbal or written and are usually assigned to meet a specific requirement. Many of the daily duties we perform fall into this category. When a leader assigns a duty to a subordinate he also gives the subordinate the authority to perform that duty. However, you cannot assign a duty to a subordinate if you do not possess the authority to perform that duty yourself.

NOTE: Conduct a check on learning and summarize the learning activity. (1) Ask the students for examples of specified , directed, and implied duties. (2) Ask the students to identify and discuss the category of duty for the following examples:

--AR 600-20 states that Commanders will conduct Equal Opportunity Training at least twice annually.

Specified Duty: This duty is specified in an official publication (AR 600-20) and is part of the duty responsibility of the commander.

--The Platoon Leader tells the Platoon Sergeant to take charge of the morning PT formation.

Directed Duty: This is a directed duty. In this example the platoon sergeant now has the same authority as the Platoon Leader has in holding and conducting the morning PT formation.

--The squad leader conducts an initial inspection of the squad prior to the inspection by the platoon sergeant

--Implied Duty: This is an example of individual initiative. 2. Learning Step/Activity 2 -

Method of instruction: CO

Instructor to student ratio: 1:25

Time of instruction: 5 min.

Media: VGT and student handout

Up until now we have discussed "duty" from strictly a military perspective. Now lets examine "duty" from the civilian perspective. Duty defined by civilian criteria relates directly to the job position and its requirements as determined by the supervisor. For example, a civilian secretarys duties might include filing, typing, coordinating schedules and answering incoming phone calls. Unlike military members of the force, DA civilians are not normally assigned additional duties of long term duration which are not related to their job position. For example, DA civilians are not normally routinely assigned additional duties as charge of quarters (CQ) or as a staff duty officer (SDO). NOTE: Conduct a check on learning and summarize the learning activity. Discuss the definition of duty for civilians as presented in this lesson. Some suggested discussion question are:

--Can this definition also be applied to the military members of the force?

--Is the definition of "duty" different for civilians than for military members of the force?

NOTE: Conduct a check on learning and summarize the enabling learning objective. During this block of instruction we have defined and discussed duty and the three types of duties that are common to commissioned officers, warrant officers, noncommissioned officers and DA civilians. We have pointed out that although many duties for officers and noncommissioned officers are often the same and can be shared, the tasks associated with these duties are not the same and cannot be shared. We have also examined duty from the civilian perspective. We have pointed out that duties for DA civilians relate directly to the requirements of the job position that they are occupying and are largely determined by the supervisor.B. ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE BInform the students of the enabling learning objective requirements:

1. Learning Step/Activity 1 -

Method of instruction: CO

Instructor to student ratio: 1:25

Time of instruction: 00:10

Media: VGT and student handout

Instructor Show VGT 1183-3 "Responsibility."

Note:a. Now that we have discussed duty lets discuss responsibility. When you are responsible for something, someone, or some action, that means that you are legally and morally accountable for it. In other words, this means, that you must answer to someone for either its accomplishment or unaccomplishment.

b. Also, responsibility assumes that you, as a leader, are capable of making rational and moral decisions on your own, and are responsible for your behavior.Instructor Show VGT 1183-4 "Relationship between Duty and Responsibility."

Note:

c. There is a relationship between duty and responsibility. That relationship is:

(1) Soldiers and leaders are responsible for the performance of their duties.

(2) Duties can stem from responsibilities.Instructor Show VGT 1183-5 "Categories of Responsibility"

Note:d. There are two categories of responsibility. These categories are individual responsibility and command responsibility.

(1) Individual Responsibility means that one is accountable for ones own actions, conduct and job performance. All soldiers and DA civilians have individual responsibilities. Nobody gives or delegates individual responsibilities. All soldiers and leaders assume individual responsibility when they take their oath of enlistment, oath of reenlistment, oath of commissioning, oath of appointment or oath of employment. Some examples of individual responsibilities are:

(a) Payment of just debts.

(b) Maintaining the appropriate level of physical fitness and military bearing.

(c) Maintaining high standards of personal conduct both on and off duty.

(2) Command responsibility is the collective or organizational accountability that all leaders have to ensure that the unit or organization performs and accomplishes its mission. Command responsibility includes being accountable for the climate of the organization, and for the health, welfare, and safety of the personnel assigned to the organization. Some examples of command responsibilities are:

(a) Ensuring all personnel receive appropriate safety briefings.

(b) Ensuring personnel perform proper risk assessments.

(c) Ensuring all soldiers receive weapons qualification training.NOTE: Conduct a check on learning and summarize the learning activity. Discuss the meaning of responsibility and the relationship between duty and responsibility. Examples of discussion

topics are:

- A squad leader notices that one on his soldiers is out of uniform and makes an on the spot correction. Is this a duty or a responsibility?

- A platoon sergeant prepares his soldiers for the up coming promotion board. Is this a duty or a responsibility?

-Ensuing that soldiers have sufficient funds in their checking account before they write a check at the local market. Is this a command responsibility or an individual responsibility?2. Learning Step/Activity 2 -

Method of instruction: CO

Instructor to student ratio is: 1:25

Time of instruction: 00:10

Media: VGT and student handout

a. Although there are no sharp definitive lines that separate commissioned officers, warrant officers, noncommisioned officers and DA Civilians responsibilities, there are some general responsibilities for each.

(1) The Commissioned Officer:

(a) Commands, establishes policy and manages the Army.

(b) Focuses on the integration of collective, leader, and solider training leading to mission accomplishment.

(c) Is primarily involved with units and unit operations.

(d) Concentrates on unit effectiveness and readiness.

(e) Concentrates on the standards of performance, training and professional development of commissioned officers, warrant officers, noncommissioned officers, and DA civilians.

(2) The Warrant Officer:

(a) Provides quality advice, counsel and solutions to support the commander.

(b) Execute policy and procedures as established by the commander.

(c) Commands special units and task organized operational elements.

(d) Focuses on collective. leader, and individual training leading to mission accomplishment.

(e) Operates, maintains, administers and manages the Armys equipment, support activities and technical systems.

(f) Concentrates on unit effectiveness and readiness.

(g) Concentrates on the standards of performance, training, and professional development of commissioned officers, warrant officers, noncommissioned officers and DA Civilians.

(3) The Noncommissioned Officer:

(a) Conducts the daily business of the Army within established policy.

(b) Focuses on individual training that leads to mission capability.

(c) Is primarily involved with individual soldier and team leading.

(d) Ensures subordinate soldiers and their equipment are prepared to function as effective unit members.

(e) Concentrates on the standards of performance, training, and professional development of subordinates including other NCOs, soldiers and DA civilians.

(4) The Department of Army Civilian:

(a) Establishes and executes policy, leads people, and manages programs, projects, and Army systems.

(b) Focuses on the integration of collective, leader, and individual training.

(c) Operates, maintains, administers, and manages Army equipment and support, research, and technical activities.

(d) Concentrates on DA Civilian individual and organizational effectiveness and readiness.b. The division of responsibilities as indicated on this slide is only meant to be general and not specific or all encompassing. In a unit, officers, warrant officers and NCOs must determine the best division of responsibilities and tasks by considering the mission, the situation, and their individual abilities and personalities. Successful mission accomplishment requires that all leaders work and learn together.NOTE: Conduct a check on learning and summarize the learning activity. Lead a discussion on how commissioned officers, warrant officers, NCOs and DA civilians can work together to determine the best division of responsibilities.

3. Learning Step/Activity 3 -

Method of instruction: CO

Instructor to student ratio: 1:25

Time of instruction: 5 min.

Media: VGT and student handout

a. As pointed out earlier, all members of Americas Army contribute to the overall success of the Armys mission. Each member contributes within their role to the overall goal of mission accomplishment. Lets take a brief look at the role of each member of Americas Army.

(1) Officers: In the United States there are Commissioned Officers and there are Warrant Officers. Together they constitute the Officer Corps. The terms "commissioned officer" and "warrant officer" are used when it is specifically necessary to address or refer to a particular group of officers.

(a) Commissioned Officers: The primary role of commissioned officers is to command units, organizations or activities, establish policy, lead soldiers, and manage the Army. The commissioned officer is normally a generalist whose training covers broad responsibilities that increase progressively from the grade of Second Lieutenant to General Officer. Commissioned officers are expected to serve as a commander and to perform duties in a variety of assignments throughout their career. In their role as the "Commander," commissioned officers provide leadership, purpose, motivation, direction and resources for mission accomplishment.

(b) Warrant Officers: Warrant Officers perform the role of highly specialized officers who operate, maintain, administer, and manage the Armys equipment support activities or technical systems for an entire career. Warrant officers are single track career specialty officers in the grades of WO1 through CW5. Warrant officers can, and do, command detachments, units, activities and vessels, as well as lead, coach, train, and counsel subordinates. Warrant officers and commissioned officers often perform similar roles as commanders, platoon leaders and trainers. However, the basic difference in their role is that warrant officers normally spend their entire career working in one specific area while commissioned officers normally work in a variety of areas over the course of their career. Because of their continued and repeated utilization in a specific career field, warrant officers are the Armys technical and subject matter experts in specific career fields.

(2) Noncommissioned Officers: The Noncommissioned Officer conducts the daily business of the Army within the policies and guidelines established by the commander. Their primary role is to execute command policies and procedures and to enforce standards of training, conduct, appearance and performance. In this capacity the noncommissioned officer leads and trains individual soldiers and soldiers teams, concentrates on individual training, takes care of soldiers and accomplishes the daily business of the unit. This, in turn, leaves the commander free to plan, make decisions and concentrate on collective unit training requirements. Similar to commissioned officers, noncommissioned officers may work in a variety of areas (i.e. recruiting duty, drill sergeant) over the course of their career.(3) DA Civilians. The basic role of DA Civilians is to apply technical, conceptual, and interpersonal skills to accomplish missions. In this capacity, DA civilians perform highly technical, specialized and professional functions as well as support and service assignments to help carry out the Armys complex mission. Civilians assure continuity of administration and operations, provide technical skills that are critical and often not available through military personnel and allow military personnel to concentrate their efforts primarily on military duties and functions. Roughly 1/3 of the Army are civilians who primarily work in TDA activities.

NOTE: Conduct a check on learning and summarize the learning activity. Lead a discussion on the roles of commissioned officers, warrant officers and noncommissioned officers and DA civilians in the organization. For example, discuss how their roles are similar, different and complimentary.

NOTE: Conduct a check on learning and summarize the enabling learning objective. During this block of instruction we have discussed the responsibility and roles of commissioned officers, warrant officers, noncommissioned officers and DA civilians. Responsibility means that we are legally and morally accountable for the accomplishment of something. Responsibility falls into two categories: individual responsibility and command responsibility. Although we have identified some

general responsibilities for commissioned officers, warrant officers and noncommissioned officers, successful mission accomplishment requires that all leaders advise and assist each other, work together and learn from each other.C. ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE CInform the students of the enabling learning objective requirements.

1. Learning Step/Activity 1 - Define and discuss "Authority" and types of authority.

Method of instruction: CO

Instructor to student ratio is: 1:25

Time of instruction: 00:05

Media: VGT and student handout

Instructors Show VGT 1183-14, "Authority."

Note:a. Authority is the legitimate right and power of leaders to command, enforce laws, exact obedience, direct subordinates and to take action within the scope of their responsibility.

b. There are two types of authority that are similar to officers, warrant officers and noncommissioned officers.Instructor Show VGT 1183-15, "Types of Authority."

Note:(1) Command Authority: Command Authority is the authority you have when you are in a command designated position that formally entails the direction and control over members of the Army. Command authority can come from regulations or laws, but it primarily originates with the President of the United States as the Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces. Command authority is not limited to commissioned officers or warrant officers. Military leaders, (commissioned officers, warrant officers or noncommissioned officers) can have command authority when filling a specific command designated position. The Army, however, restricts command authority to the soldiers, facilities and equipment that make up the unit or organization that the command designated position is in. For example, the commander of Company A has command authority over all personnel assigned to Company A. However, he or she does not have command authority over personnel assigned to Company B.

(2) General Military Authority: General military authority is the authority extended to all leaders to take action. General military authority originates in our oath of office, oath of enlistment, rank structure, tradition and regulations. For example, the UCMJ gives "commissioned officers, warrant officers, petty officers, and noncommissioned officers the authority to quell quarrels, frays, disorders and to apprehend personnel who take part in such." Dining facility managers, platoon leaders, platoon sergeants, squad leaders and section supervisors all use general military authority when they issue orders to direct and control subordinates under their charge. Military leaders (commissioned officers, warrant officers, and noncommissioned officers) may exercise general military authority over soldiers from different units. Thus, when a commissioned officer, warrant officers or NCO of one battalion stops a soldier from another to give instructions on military courtesy or to make an on-the-spot correction, he is exercising general military authority. On the other hand, DA civilians do not normally have general military authority over personnel assigned to different units or organizations. NOTE: Conduct a check on learning and summarize the learning activity. Ask the students for examples of how leaders exercise command authority and general military authority to accomplish the organizations mission.

2. Learning Step/Activity 2 - Discuss sources of authority for officers, warrant officers, NCOs and DA civilians.

Method of instruction: CO

Instructor to student ratio: 1:25

Time of instruction: 00:10

Media: VGT and student handout

The sources of authority for Commissioned Officers, Warrant Officers, Noncommissioned Officers and Civilians are:Instructor Show VGT 1183-16 "Source of Authority."

Note:a. Commissioned Officers in the United States Army derive their legal authority from their positions as direct representatives of the President of the United States in his role as Commander and Chief of the Armed forces. It is this direct tie with the president which serves as the basis for their legal authority and the basis for their placement in the Army organizational structure in a position of authority over warrant officers and noncommissioned officers.

b. Warrant officers receive their source of authority from the Secretary of the Army upon their initial appointment. However, in 1986, the FY 86 DOD authorization Act changed Title 10, United States Code, to authorize the commissioning of warrant officers upon their promotion to CW2. Thus, all commissioned warrant officers derive their authority from the same source (The President) as commissioned officers. AR 611-112 contains specific information on the power and authority of warrant officers and commissioned warrant officers.c. Noncommissioned Officers receive their authority from a variety of sources. Army Regulations, the Manual for Courts-Martial, the Chain of Command, and The NCO Support Channel are the main sources of authority for noncommissioned officers. AR 600-20 contains specific information on the authority of noncommissioned officers.

d. DA Civilians are part of the total federal work force and are members or the Executive Branch of the federal government. They derive their authority from a variety of sources including the unit or organization commander, Army Regulations, and Title 5, U.S.C. Because the authority of DA Civilians is primarily job related, they normally exercise authority in matters relating to the position they hold in the organization. However, except for the President of the United States as the Commander-in-Chief, a DA civilian does not have the authority to Command.NOTE: Conduct a check on learning and summarize the enabling learning objective. During this block of instruction we have defined and discussed authority, the two types of authority and the sources of authority for officers, warrant officers, noncommissioned officers and DA civilians.

D. ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE DInform the students of the enabling learning objective requirements

1. Learning Step/Activity 1 - Define the chain of command and the NCO support channel.

Method of instruction: CO

Instructor to student ratio is: 1:25

Time of instruction: 00:10

Media: VGT and student handout

a. The Chain of Command:

(1) The Chain of command is the most important organizational channel of communication and supervision technique used by the Army. The chain of command assists commanders and supervisors at all levels in accomplishing the units mission and in caring for the units personnel and property. The chain of command, also known as the "Command Channel" extends from the President, as Commander-in-Chief, down through the various grades of rank to the lowest enlisted person leading the smallest Army element. Use of the chain of command facilitates the transmission of orders and information from the highest to the lowest levels and vice versa, in a minimum period of time, and with the least chance of misinterpretation.

(2) Commanders are responsible for everything their command does or fails to do. However, commanders subdivide responsibility and authority and assign portions of both to various subordinate commanders, supervisors, leaders and staff members. In that way, a proper degree of responsibility becomes inherent in each level of command. Thus each person in the chain of command is delegated sufficient authority to accomplish their assigned duties and is held accountable for their actions.

(3) Proper use of the chain of command is vital to the overall effectiveness of the unit, the organization and the Army. Therefore, every effort must be made to acquaint all personnel with its existence and proper function.

b. The NCO Support Channel:

(1) The NCO Support Channel is a formal channel of communication and supervision that extends from the command sergeants major to the first sergeants and then to other NCOs and enlisted personnel in the unit. Prior to December of 1976, the Army looked at the NCO support channel as informal. However, in December of 1976, AR 600-20 was changed to formalize and expand the functions of the NCO Support Channel. Thus, the NCO Support Channel is now directive in nature within policies and orders as established by the commander.

(2) There is a supportive relationship between the chain of command and the NCO support channel. The NCO support channel parallels, complements and assist the chain of command in caring for soldiers and accomplishing the units mission by:

a. Differences exist between the military and civilian work force. These differences are primarily based on law and mission requirements. Some of the differences are as follows:

(1) Different laws within the United States Code establish the two work forces; Title 10 for the military and Title 5 for the civilian.

(2) Military members carry their grade with them regardless of the job they perform. Generally, a military members grade is not affected by the position they occupy. Civilian grades or ranks are determined solely by the position they permanently occupy. If civilians move to a new position they assume the rank of that position. Their movement to a position is limited by their eligibility to hold the position.

(3) Recruiting for the military force is centrally managed, conducted to fill the military force structure, and generally conducted at entry level. Civilians are recruited to fill established position vacancies. Civilian recruiting is conducted primarily at the local installation level and the position may be filled either by internal promotion or external hire.

(4) Mobility of military members is mandatory. Mobility for civilian members is generally voluntary.

(5) Training for military members is primarily focused on leadership and common military skills. Training for civilians is primarily related to the specific duties of the position in which employed.

b. Just as there are differences between the military force and the civilian force there are also some important similarities between each part of the force.Instructor Show VGT 1183-21, Similarities between the military and civilian work force.

Note:

(1) Both forces are based on legislative and congressional imposed size limitations.

(2) The working association within the two forces is based on a superior/subordinate relationship.

(3) The organizational levels in the staff chain are the same for both systems, i.e., from the Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel, Headquarters, Department of the Army to the installation level.

(4) Management functions within both systems address the same issues and concerns of policy, planning, budgeting and evaluating.

(5) Leading and caring for subordinates are paramount to both systems.NOTE: Conduct a check on learning and summarize the enabling learning objective. Ask the students to identify three similarities and three differences between the military and civilian force.

Review/ During this lesson we have identified duties, responsibilities and authority Summarize of commissioned officers, warrant officers and DA civilians and how each of these Lesson contribute to the overall successful accomplishment of the organizations mission. Specifically, we have accomplished the following;

a. We have defined and discussed duty and the three types of duties (specified, directed, and implied).

b. We have defined and discussed responsibility and the two types of responsibility (individual responsibility and command responsibility).

c. We have discussed the role of Commissioned Officers, Warrant Officers, Noncommissioned Officers and DA Civilians.

d. We have defined and discussed authority and the two types of authority.

e. We have discussed the chain of command and the NCO support channel.

f. We have identified and discussed the similarities and the differences between the military system and the civilian system.

NOTE: Determine if students have learned the material presented by soliciting student questions and explanations. Ask the students questions and correct misunderstandings.

SECTION V. STUDENT EVALUATION

Testing Measure student performance at the end of the class by requiring them, without Requirements references or notes, achieve a minimum score of 70% on the 20 question (multiple choice, T/F, and fill in the blank) written test in Appendix B. Students should be alowed 30 minutes to complete this examination.